In Re Ks
- Area
- criminal
- Panel
- Richard D. Huffman, Sr. (author)
Analysis
The trial court (juvenile hearing officer) found the minor in violation of a curfew ordinance and imposed a $20 fine after denying motions to dismiss. The Court of Appeal dismissed the appeal, holding that the order was not appealable under Welfare and Institutions Code section 800 because the proceeding was before a juvenile hearing officer, not a referee or on a 601/602 petition.
| Ruling reviewed | Standard | The court | The model |
|---|---|---|---|
The juvenile hearing officer's order finding a violation of the curfew ordinance and imposing a $20 fine is appealable to the Court of Appeal.“Philip has not shown his proceeding before the juvenile hearing officer was conducted under sections 252 through 254, or 601/602, which would then give him the right to appeal to this court.” | unclear | not reached | agree with court The appellate court did not review the merits of the trial court's ruling on the ordinance violation or the sufficiency of the evidence. Instead, the court determined it lacked jurisdiction to review the order because the appeal was not statutorily authorized under Welfare and Institutions Code section 800 for proceedings before a juvenile hearing officer. |
Authorities
- relied: People v. Chi Ko Wong (1976) 18 Cal.3d 698 — The right of appeal is statutory and a judgment or order is not appealable unless expressly made so by statute; appealable juvenile court orders are restricted to those enumerated in section 800.
- relied: In re Do Kyung K. (2001) 88 Cal.App.4th 583 — Section 800, subdivision (c) pertains solely to the scope of appellate review for the People regarding orders granting probation with or without wardship.
- relied: In re Kevin G. (1985) 40 Cal.3d 644 — Cited by the appellant to support appealability, but distinguished by the court as involving a section 601 or 602 petition and specific legislation not applicable to the current case.
- relied: In re Kathy P. (1979) 25 Cal.3d 91 — Cited by the appellant to support appealability, but distinguished by the court as involving a section 601 or 602 petition and specific legislation not applicable to the current case.
- relied: Richard M. v. Superior Court (1971) 4 Cal.3d 370 — Cited by the appellant to support appealability, but distinguished by the court as involving a section 601 or 602 petition and specific legislation not applicable to the current case.
- relied: In re Adam R. (1997) 57 Cal.App.4th 348 — Cited by the appellant to support appealability, but distinguished by the court as involving a section 601 or 602 petition and specific legislation not applicable to the current case.
- relied: Mark F. v. Superior Court (1987) 189 Cal.App.3d 206 — Cited by the appellant to support appealability, but distinguished by the court as involving a section 601 or 602 petition and specific legislation not applicable to the current case.
- relied: In re F.E. (1977) 67 Cal.App.3d 222 — Cited by the appellant to support appealability, but distinguished by the court as involving a section 601 or 602 petition and specific legislation not applicable to the current case.
- relied: In re Ruth H. (1972) 26 Cal.App.3d 77 — Cited by the appellant to support appealability, but distinguished by the court as involving a section 601 or 602 petition and specific legislation not applicable to the current case.
The appellate opinion: sound — The court correctly applied the statutory framework of Welfare and Institutions Code section 800, which limits appeals to specific types of juvenile proceedings. It accurately distinguished between proceedings before a referee (sections 247-254) and those before a juvenile hearing officer (sections 255-262), noting that the latter are not appealable to the Court of Appeal under the current statute.
A juvenile hearing officer in the Informal Juvenile and Traffic Court denied the minor's motions to dismiss a Poway curfew citation on constitutional and sufficiency grounds, found the violation true beyond a reasonable doubt, and imposed a $20 fine, staying it to permit an appeal. The Court of Appeal did not reach the merits, holding that Welfare and Institutions Code section 800 confers no right of appeal from a juvenile hearing officer's order on a citation (as opposed to a judgment on a section 601/602 petition or a referee's order under sections 252-254), declined to treat the appeal as a writ petition, and dismissed the appeal.
| Ruling reviewed | Standard | The court | The model |
|---|---|---|---|
Denial of motion to dismiss the curfew citation on the ground that the Poway curfew ordinance is unconstitutionally overbroad and vague“Before the informal hearing on the citation, Philip's retained counsel filed a motion to dismiss the citation, challenging the constitutionality of the ordinance. At the hearing, the court denied the motion and heard testimony from the arresting officer.” | unclear | not reached | unsure The appellate court never considered the constitutional challenge because it concluded the hearing officer's order was not appealable under section 800. Nothing in the opinion permits an assessment of the merits of the overbreadth/vagueness claim. |
Denial of second motion to dismiss and true finding beyond a reasonable doubt that the minor violated the curfew ordinance (rejecting the 'responsible adult' and other exceptions), with a $20 fine“After noting that no one in the car stopped for speeding was acting responsibly, the court found the allegations of the citation to be true beyond a reasonable doubt and ordered Philip to pay a $20 fine.” | unclear | not reached | unsure The sufficiency-of-the-evidence claim was not addressed because the appeal was dismissed as taken from a nonappealable order. The court's threshold conclusion rests on the statutory-appeal rule of Chi Ko Wong, the text of section 800(a), and the 1990 amendment deleting appealability of a section 262 rehearing denial, which is a defensible reading, though the court did not discuss whether a hearing-officer proceeding on a curfew citation under section 256 is itself 'a proceeding under Section 601' within section 800(a). |
Authorities
- relied: People v. Chi Ko Wong (1976) 18 Cal.3d 698 — The right of appeal is statutory; appealable juvenile court orders and judgments are restricted to those enumerated in Welfare and Institutions Code section 800.
- relied: In re Do Kyung K. (2001) 88 Cal.App.4th 583 — Describes the structure of section 800, including that subdivision (c) concerns only the scope of the People's review of an order granting probation with or without wardship; distinguished as a case arising on a section 601/602 petition.
- relied: In re Kathy P. (1979) 25 Cal.3d 91 — Cited by the minor for appealability; distinguished as predating the 1990 amendment to section 800 that deleted the appeal from denial of a section 262 rehearing motion.
- relied: In re Kevin G. (1985) 40 Cal.3d 644 — Cited by the minor for appealability; distinguished as a case predating the 1990 amendment or involving a disposition on section 601/602 findings.
The appellate opinion: sound with gaps — The court correctly started from the rule that juvenile appeals exist only as section 800 provides, and its reliance on the 1990 deletion of appealability for section 262 rehearing denials is strong evidence the Legislature intended hearing-officer matters to be reviewed by a juvenile court judge rather than by appeal. The opinion, however, does not engage with the argument that a hearing officer's curfew proceeding under section 256 is itself a proceeding on a section 601 allegation, distinguishes the minor's authorities in a single sentence without analysis, and gives no reason for refusing to treat the appeal as a writ petition.
Opinion
In re K.S., a Person Coming Under the Juvenile Court Law.
The People, Plaintiff and Respondent,
v.
K.S., Defendant and Appellant.
Court of Appeal, Fourth District, Division One.
Law Offices of James J. Warner, James J. Warner, San Diego, and James S. Brasher, for Defendant and Appellant.
Bill Lockyer, Attorney General, Robert R. Anderson, Chief Assistant Attorney General, Gary W. Schons, Assistant Attorney General, Peter Quon, Jr., and Taylor Nguyen, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
HUFFMAN, Acting P.J.
In this case K.S. (Philip), a 16> year old, was found to have violated the Poway juvenile curfew ordinance (the ordinance) (Poway Muni.Code, §§ 9.24.010 et seq.) and fined $20. Philip appealed to this court, contending the ordinance is unconstitutionally overbroad and vague, and that insufficient evidence supports the juvenile hearing officer's finding he violated the ordinance. We asked the parties for supplemental briefs addressing the question of whether Welfare and Institutions Code[1] section 800 provides Philip the right to appeal to this court. After reviewing the supplemental briefing and pertinent law, we conclude the matter is not appealable and this appeal must be dismissed.
BACKGROUND
Philip was arrested and detained for curfew violation on November 1, 2001, while traveling in Poway accompanied by a 21-year-old relative in a car driven by a friend who was stopped for speeding after *40 11:00 p.m. The arresting officer filed an affidavit and application for filing of a juvenile court petition, alleging Philip came under the provisions of sections 601 and 602. No petition under either section ever issued or was filed with the juvenile court. Rather the matter proceeded by way of citation to Department 11 of the Informal Juvenile and Traffic Court for hearing before a juvenile hearing officer.
Before the informal hearing on the citation, Philip's retained counsel filed a motion to dismiss the citation, challenging the constitutionality of the ordinance. At the hearing, the court denied the motion and heard testimony from the arresting officer. Thereafter, the court denied another motion to dismiss the citation, this time brought on grounds no violation of the ordinance had been shown because Philip had been with a responsible adult at least 21 years of age at the time of his arrest. The court denied the motion.
Philip, his 21-year-old relative, and his father all testified on Philip's behalf. At the conclusion of the testimony, Philip's counsel argued there was no violation of the ordinance because Philip had been with a responsible adult, 21 years of age or older, which was an exception to the ordinance. In addition, counsel argued that Philip was on his way home from an event that fell under an exception to the ordinance and was also in a car driven by a person on an errand for his parents (the driver was going to Blockbuster to pick up a video for his parents) which is another exception to the ordinance.
The court, however, did not believe the activity (car show in a parking lot) qualified as an exception to the ordinance or that the carte blanche permission described by the father was the type to qualify the 21-year-old relative as a "responsible adult" under the ordinance. After noting that no one in the car stopped for speeding was acting responsibly, the court found the allegations of the citation to be true beyond a reasonable doubt and ordered Philip to pay a $20 fine. The court granted Philip's counsel's request for a stay on the fine to take an appeal on the constitutionality issue.
DISCUSSION
As noted above, Philip appealed the matter to this court and we requested supplemental briefing on whether Philip has a right to appeal to this court. As the People note in their supplemental briefing, it is well settled "that the right of appeal is statutory and that a judgment or order is not appealable unless expressly made so by statute. [Citations.] The orders, judgments and decrees of a juvenile court which are appealable are restricted to those enumerated in section 800...." (People v. Chi Ko Wong (1976) 18 Cal.3d 698, 709, 135 Cal.Rptr. 392, 557 P.2d 976, disapproved on another point in People v. Green (1980) 27 Cal.3d 1, 33-34, 164 Cal. Rptr. 1, 609 P.2d 468.)
Section 800, subdivision (a), authorizes an appeal from "[a] judgment in a proceeding under Section 601 or 602 ... in the same manner as any final judgment, and any subsequent order may be appealed from ... as from an order after judgment." Further, "[a] judgment or subsequent order entered by a referee shall become appealable whenever proceedings pursuant to Section 252, 253, or 254 have become completed or, if proceedings pursuant to Section 252, 253, or 254 are not initiated, when the time for initiating the proceeding has expired." (§ 800, subd. (a).) Subdivision (b) of section 800 provides certain instances where the People may appeal from a juvenile court judgment or order, and subdivision (c) "pertains solely to the scope of the appellate review which the People may obtain of an order granting probation with or without wardship." (In re Do Kyung K. (2001) 88 Cal.App.4th 583, 589, 106 Cal.Rptr.2d 31.)
*41 Further, sections 252, 253 and 254 set forth the procedures for rehearing by a juvenile court judge of a written order and findings of a referee who is appointed to hear cases pursuant to sections 247 and 248. A juvenile hearing officer, on the other hand, is appointed under section 255 and has the powers designated under sections 256 through 258 to hear and resolve matters, such as curfew violations. All orders of a juvenile hearing officer are effective immediately (§ 261) and section 262 provides for review of these orders by a juvenile court judge or a rehearing by the juvenile hearing officer via a motion to set aside or modify. (§ 262.)
Although a denial of a motion for rehearing (to set aside or modify) under section 262 was formerly appealable under section 800, that section was amended in 1990 to delete the provision that the denial of a motion made under section 262 is appealable. (Stats.1990, ch. 482 (S.B. 1849), § 1, pp. 2685-2686.)
Philip has not shown his proceeding before the juvenile hearing officer was conducted under sections 252 through 254, or 601/602, which would then give him the right to appeal to this court. Because the Legislature deleted the right to appeal to this court from a proceeding brought before a juvenile hearing officer under sections 255 through 262, section 800 provides no authority for Philip's appeal. Rather, Philip's remedy was to request a rehearing via a motion to set aside before a juvenile court judge. (§ 262.) That he did not do so does not now confer upon him a right to appeal to this court.
Philip's reliance on various cases cited in his supplemental briefing for a finding of appealability is unfounded. Each case either predated the amendment of section 800, which deleted his right to appeal, or was a case in which a section 601 or 602 petition was filed and the disposition based upon section 601 and 602 findings was probation without wardship or informal juvenile supervision in lieu of wardship pursuant to specific legislation not applicable to Philip. (See In re Kevin G. (1985) 40 Cal.3d 644, 221 Cal.Rptr. 146, 709 P.2d 1315; In re Kathy P. (1979) 25 Cal.3d 91, 157 Cal.Rptr. 874, 599 P.2d 65; Richard M. v. Superior Court (1971) 4 Cal.3d 370, 93 Cal.Rptr. 752, 482 P.2d 664; In re Do Kyung K., supra, 88 Cal.App.4th 583, 106 Cal.Rptr.2d 31; In re Adam R. (1997) 57 Cal.App.4th 348, 67 Cal.Rptr.2d 76; Mark F. v. Superior Court (1987) 189 Cal.App.3d 206, 234 Cal.Rptr. 388; In re F.E. (1977) 67 Cal.App.3d 222, 136 Cal.Rptr. 547; In re Ruth H. (1972) 26 Cal.App.3d 77, 102 Cal.Rptr. 534.)
In sum, because the record reflects Philip appeared in the Informal Juvenile and Traffic Court on a citation for a violation of the ordinance, not on a petition under either section 601 or 602, or before a referee pursuant to sections 247 through 254, and was found guilty by a juvenile hearing officer of violating that citation and fined without being put on probation or made a ward of the court, section 800 does not provide Philip the right to appeal to this court. Therefore, Philip's appeal must be dismissed.[2]
DISPOSITION
The appeal is dismissed.
WE CONCUR: NARES and HALLER, JJ.
NOTES
[1] All statutory references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code.
[2] At oral argument Philip requested that we treat his appeal as a petition for writ of mandate if we determine the order in this case is not appealable. We decline to treat this appeal as a petition for extraordinary writ.
Cites, in this corpus
- People v. K.S. No. D040018 · 2003-09-15
- People v. Do Kyung K. H021300 · 2001-04-18
- People v. Adam R. D027535 · 1997-08-26
- MARK F. v. Superior Court B023333 · 1987-02-10
- People v. Kevin G. Crim. 24086 · 1985-12-23
- People v. Green Crim. No. 20555; Crim. No. 21068 · 1980-04-24
- People v. Kathy P. L.A. 30981 · 1979-08-30
- People v. F. E. Civ. No. 49174 · 1977-02-16
- People v. Chi Ko Wong Crim. 19351 · 1976-12-29
- Kirkpatrick v. Ruth H. Crim. 20051 · 1972-06-15
- Richard M. v. Superior Court Sac. 7883 · 1971-03-24
Cited by
- RICKI J. v. Superior Court C047588 · 2005-04-21
- Ricki J. v. Superior Court No. C047588 · 2005-04-21