Castro v. U.S. Customs and Border Protection
- Proceeding
- district
- Area
- civil
- Panel
- Anthony J. Battaglia (author)
Analysis
The court considered a petition to appoint Cindy G. Castro as guardian ad litem for three minor plaintiffs in a civil action against U.S. Customs and Border Protection. The court granted the petition and appointed Cindy G. Castro as guardian ad litem for the minors solely for the purposes of this action.
| What the court decided | The model |
|---|---|
Grant petition for appointment of guardian ad litem“For the reasons stated herein, the Court GRANTS the petition.” | agree with court The court correctly applied Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 17(c)(2), which mandates the appointment of a guardian ad litem for unrepresented minors. The record establishes that the minors reside in California, are under 18, and lack a duly appointed representative. The proposed guardian is the mother, has no conflict of interest, and has declared her willingness to serve. The appointment is limited to the specific action, which is a standard and appropriate procedural measure. |
The order itself: sound — The order is procedurally sound. It correctly identifies the applicable rule (Rule 17(c)(2)) for unrepresented minors, verifies the domicile and age of the plaintiffs to establish the need for representation, and confirms the suitability of the proposed guardian (mother, no conflict, willing). The citation to Ninth Circuit precedent regarding the trial court's discretion is appropriate. The reasoning directly answers the motion with the correct authorities.
Opinion
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 NAHUM A. CASTRO, an individual; Case No.: 19-CV-02240-AJB-JLB CINDY G. CASTRO, an individual; ORDER GRANTING PETITION FOR 12 B.R.C., a minor by and through her APPOINTMENT OF GUARDIAN AD 13 Guardian Ad Litem, CINDY G. LITEM (Doc. No. 5-2) CASTRO; E.D.C., a minor by and 14 through his Guardian Ad Litem, CINDY 15 G. CASTRO; and N.R.C., a minor by and through his Guardian Ad Litem, 16 CINDY G. CASTRO, 17 Plaintiffs, 18 v. 19 U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION; JUAN ARMANDO 20 PEÑA, an individual, and Does 1-50, 21 Defendants.
22 23 Before the Court is Petitioners B.R.C., E.D.C., and N.R.C.’s petition for appointment 24 of guardian ad litem. (Doc. No. 5-2.) For the reasons stated herein, the Court GRANTS 25 the petition. 26 I. LEGAL STANDARD 27 Rule 17(c) establishes certain rules regarding representation of minors and 28 competent persons in federal court actions. First, for individuals “with a representative,” 1 the Rule provides that “[t]he following representatives may sue or defend on behalf of a 2 minor or an incompetent person: (A) a general guardian; (B) a committee; (C) a 3 conservator; or (D) a like fiduciary.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 17(c)(1). Second, for individuals 4 “without a representative,” the Rule provides that “[a] minor or incompetent person who 5 does not have a duly appointed representative may sue by a next friend or by guardian ad 6 litem. The court must appoint a guardian ad litem—or issue another appropriate order—to 7 protect a minor or incompetent person who is unrepresented in an action.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8 17(c)(2) (emphasis added). Federal courts have broad “power to appoint a special 9 representative for a minor” under the Rule. Elliott v. Versa CIC, L.P., 328 F.R.D. 554, 556 10 (S.D. Cal. 2018). “As a general matter, the decision whether to appoint a guardian ad litem 11 is ‘normally left to the sound discretion of the trial court.’” Id. (quoting United States v. 12 30.64 Acres of Land, 795 F.2d 796, 804 (9th Cir. 1986)). 13 II. DISCUSSION 14 An individual’s capacity to sue is determined “by the law of the individual’s 15 domicile.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 17(b). Petitioners B.R.C., E.D.C., and N.R.C. reside in California 16 and are minors under the age of 18 years old. See Cal. Fam. Code § 6502. Thus, Rule 17(c) 17 requires that B.R.C., E.D.C., and N.R.C. sue either through one of the enumerated 18 representatives or through a next friend or guardian ad litem. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 17(c). 19 Appointment of Cindy G. Castro is sought under Rule 17(c)(2) for a minor without 20 representation. (Doc. No. 5-2.) The Petition indicates that Cindy G. Castro is the mother of 21 B.R.C., E.D.C., and N.R.C., there is no indication of a conflict of interest, and Cindy G. 22 Castro is willing to serve as the guardian ad litem. (Id. at 3–4.) Cindy G. Castro has 23 submitted a signed declaration personally attesting to her willingness to serve as a guardian 24 ad litem. (Id. at 5.) In its discretion, the Court finds that it is appropriate to appoint Cindy 25 G. Castro as a guardian ad litem for B.R.C., E.D.C., and N.R.C. solely for the purposes of 26 this action. 27 III. CONCLUSION 28 For the reasons stated, the Court APPOINTS Cindy G. Castro as guardian ad litem | B.R.C., E.D.C., and N.R.C. for the purposes of this action only. 2 3 IT IS SO ORDERED. 4 || Dated: July 6, 2021 6 United States District Judge 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28