gno.law

People v. Yagao CA4/1

California Court of Appeal · D081700 · 2023-12-14 · Unpublished

Proceeding
appeal from a judgment
Trial court
Superior Court of San Diego County · No. SCS323169
Trial judge
Michael J. Popkins
Outcome
affirmed — Affirmed.
Area
criminal
Panel
Richard D. Huffman, Sr. (author), Judith D. McConnell, O'Rourke

Analysis

A model's reading — qwen3.8-27b, prompt v1, 2026-10-13T04:23Z · confidence low

The trial court imposed a search and seizure waiver as a condition of probation over defense counsel's objection. The Court of Appeal affirmed the judgment after finding no arguable issues for reversal during its independent review of the record.

Ruling reviewedStandardThe courtThe model
Imposition of a Fourth Amendment waiver as a condition of probation
“Whether the trial court erred by imposing a Fourth Amendment waiver as a condition of probation.”
unclearnot reachedunsure
The appellate court identified the issue as a potential ground for appeal but stated it had not discovered any arguable issues for reversal after reviewing the entire record. The court did not provide specific legal reasoning or apply a standard of review to this specific ruling, relying instead on the Wende/Anders mandate to find no error.

Authorities

  • relied: People v. Wende (1979) 25 Cal.3d 436 — Requires appointed appellate counsel to review the record for error when no arguable issues are identified, and the court to conduct an independent review.
  • relied: Anders v. California (1967) 386 U.S. 738 — Establishes the procedure for appointed counsel to file a brief identifying potential issues when they believe an appeal is wholly frivolous.

The appellate opinion: sound with gaps — The opinion is procedurally sound in that it follows the required Wende/Anders protocol for cases where counsel identifies no arguable issues. However, it is a 'sound with gaps' analysis because it fails to explicitly address the legal merit of the Fourth Amendment waiver issue identified by counsel, offering no substantive legal reasoning or citation to authority supporting the constitutionality of the condition.

How this analysis was made · dispute it

unusual disposition unusual disposition

A model's reading — claude-fable-5-1, prompt v1, 2026-10-13T04:30Z · confidence low

The trial court accepted Yagao's guilty plea to felony hit and run (Veh. Code, § 20001, subd. (a)), placed him on two years of felony probation per the stipulated plea, and over defense objection imposed a Fourth Amendment search and seizure waiver as a probation condition. On appeal, appointed counsel filed a Wende brief identifying the search condition as a possible issue; the Court of Appeal independently reviewed the record, found no arguable issues, and affirmed.

Ruling reviewedStandardThe courtThe model
Imposition of a Fourth Amendment (search and seizure) waiver as a condition of felony probation over defense objection
“Defense counsel objected, however after hearing argument, the trial court imposed a search and seizure waiver as a condition of probation.”
unclearcorrectunsure
The opinion conducts only Wende/Anders independent review and does not articulate the governing standard (abuse of discretion under People v. Lent and People v. Olguin) or explain why a search condition is reasonably related to a hit-and-run offense or to supervision of future criminality. Under Olguin, search conditions are routinely upheld as reasonably related to preventing future criminality by enabling supervision, so the result is plausibly correct, but the opinion gives no facts about the defendant's record or the court's reasoning, so the merits cannot be independently verified from this record.

Authorities

  • relied: People v. Wende (1979) 25 Cal.3d 436 — When appointed appellate counsel finds no arguable issues, the Court of Appeal must independently review the entire record for error.
  • relied: Anders v. California (1967) 386 U.S. 738 — Appointed counsel who finds an appeal frivolous should file a brief referring to anything in the record that might arguably support the appeal.
  • missed: People v. Lent (1975) 15 Cal.3d 481 — A probation condition is invalid only if it has no relationship to the crime, relates to conduct not itself criminal, and is not reasonably related to future criminality; this is the test for the challenged search condition.
  • missed: People v. Olguin (2008) 45 Cal.4th 375 — Probation conditions are reviewed for abuse of discretion, and conditions that enable effective supervision are reasonably related to preventing future criminality even if unrelated to the offense.

The appellate opinion: sound with gaps — The opinion follows the Wende/Anders procedure correctly, states that the full record was reviewed, and notes the issue counsel flagged, which is all that procedure requires. However, it does not address the Lent/Olguin framework for the one contested probation condition, so a reader cannot evaluate whether the search waiver was properly imposed for a hit-and-run offense.

How this analysis was made · dispute it

record incomplete

Opinion

Filed 12/14/23 P. v. Yagao CA4/1 NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

DIVISION ONE

STATE OF CALIFORNIA

THE PEOPLE, D081700

Plaintiff and Respondent, v. (Super. Ct. No. SCS323169)

MACJHAY YAGAO,

Defendant and Appellant.

APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of San Diego County, Michael J. Popkins, Judge. Affirmed. Alex Kreit, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and Appellant. No appearance for Plaintiff and Respondent. Macjhay Yagao entered a guilty plea to felony hit and run (Veh. Code, § 20001, subd. (a)). In his plea agreement, Yagao stipulated to a sentence of two years of felony probation. At the sentencing hearing, the probation officer recommended the court impose a Fourth Amendment waiver. Defense counsel objected, however after hearing argument, the trial court imposed a search and seizure waiver as a condition of probation. Yagao filed a timely notice of appeal. Appellate counsel has filed a brief pursuant to People v. Wende (1979) 25 Cal.3d 436 (Wende) indicating counsel has not been able to identify any arguable issues for reversal on appeal. Counsel asks the court to review the record for error as mandated by Wende. We offered Yagao the opportunity to file his own brief on appeal, but he has not responded. DISCUSSION Appellate counsel has asked the court to review the record for error. To assist the court with its review, and in compliance with Anders v. California (1967) 386 U.S. 738 (Anders), counsel has identified a possible issue that was considered in evaluating the potential merits of this appeal: Whether the trial court erred by imposing a Fourth Amendment waiver as a condition of probation. We have reviewed the entire record as required by Wende and Anders. We have not discovered any arguable issues for reversal on appeal. Competent counsel has represented Yagao on this appeal.

2 DISPOSITION The judgment is affirmed.

HUFFMAN, J.

WE CONCUR:

McCONNELL, P. J.

O’ROURKE, J.

Cites, in this corpus