People v. Garcia CA4/1
- Proceeding
- appeal from an order
- Trial court
- Superior Court of Riverside County · No. RIF125016
- Trial judge
- William S. Lebov (retired judge)
- Outcome
- affirmed — Affirmed.
- Area
- criminal
- Panel
- Richard D. Huffman, Sr. (author), O'Rourke, Julia C. Kelety
Analysis
The trial court denied Garcia's petition for resentencing under Penal Code section 1172.6 after a hearing where the parties agreed he was convicted as a direct aider and abettor. The Court of Appeal affirmed the denial, finding no arguable issues for reversal after an independent review of the record.
| Ruling reviewed | Standard | The court | The model |
|---|---|---|---|
Denial of petition for resentencing under Penal Code section 1172.6“The trial court denied the petition for resentencing.” | de novo | correct | agree with court The appellate court affirmed the denial, finding no arguable issues for reversal. The court relied on the parties' agreement at the hearing that Garcia was tried as a direct aider and abettor and that no jury instructions on felony murder or natural and probable consequences were given. Under People v. Lewis (2021) 11 Cal.5th 952, a defendant convicted as a direct aider and abettor is not eligible for relief under section 1172.6 because the statute only applies to convictions based on the felony murder rule or the natural and probable consequences doctrine. Since the record established a direct aiding and abetting theory, the trial court correctly denied the petition at the prima facie stage or after a hearing. |
Authorities
- relied: People v. Wende (1979) 25 Cal.3d 436 — Establishes the standard for independent appellate review when appointed counsel files a Wende brief indicating no arguable issues.
- relied: Anders v. California (1967) 386 U.S. 738 — Requires appointed counsel to file a brief identifying any arguable issues and allows the court to independently review the record.
- relied: People v. Lewis (2021) 11 Cal.5th 952 — Clarifies that section 1172.6 relief is limited to defendants convicted under the felony murder rule or the natural and probable consequences doctrine, excluding direct aiders and abettors.
The appellate opinion: sound with gaps — The opinion is procedurally sound but substantively thin. It correctly applies the Wende/Anders framework and relies on the parties' stipulation regarding the direct aiding and abetting theory to affirm the denial. However, it fails to explicitly cite People v. Lewis in the reasoning section, only mentioning it in the context of Garcia's argument, which is a minor gap in legal exposition for an unpublished opinion.
How this analysis was made · dispute it
unusual dispositionThe trial court denied Adrian Garcia's Penal Code section 1172.6 resentencing petition after appointing counsel, reviewing the record of conviction, and holding a hearing at which the parties agreed he was tried for attempted murder as a direct aider and abettor with no felony-murder or natural-and-probable-consequences instructions. On appeal, appointed counsel filed a Wende brief, Garcia filed a supplemental brief, and the Court of Appeal independently reviewed the record, found no arguable issues, and affirmed.
| Ruling reviewed | Standard | The court | The model |
|---|---|---|---|
Denial of section 1172.6 resentencing petition without issuing an order to show cause, based on the record of conviction showing Garcia was tried as a direct aider and abettor of attempted murder with no natural and probable consequences or felony murder instructions“Garcia was tried as a direct aider and abettor and that no jury instructions” | unclear | correct | agree with court Section 1172.6 relief for attempted murder reaches only convictions under the natural and probable consequences doctrine. Where the record of conviction, including the jury instructions, shows the jury was instructed only on direct aiding and abetting, which requires the aider's own intent to kill, the petitioner is ineligible as a matter of law and denial at the prima facie stage is consistent with People v. Lewis. Garcia's factual claim that he was merely the driver who yelled encouragement does not change the legal theory on which the jury convicted him. The court did not state a standard of review because it proceeded under Wende, but the result is supported. |
Trial court's reliance on the parties' stipulation (drawn from the prior appellate opinion) and its review of the record of conviction without specifying which portions it reviewed“court erred because it did not specify what parts of the record were reviewed.” | unclear | correct | agree with court Nothing in section 1172.6 or Lewis requires the trial court to itemize the portions of the record of conviction it examined at the prima facie stage, and both counsel agreed on the dispositive point that no natural and probable consequences instructions were given. Lewis cautions that reliance on an appellate opinion's factual summary has limits, but here the dispositive fact concerned the jury instructions and legal theory, not disputed facts, so the concession and the court's review were a permissible basis for denial. The appellate opinion's treatment is thin, but the conclusion that no arguable issue exists is defensible. |
Authorities
- relied: People v. Wende (1979) 25 Cal.3d 436 — When appointed appellate counsel finds no arguable issues, the Court of Appeal independently reviews the record for error in a criminal defendant's first appeal of right.
- relied: Anders v. California (1967) 386 U.S. 738 — Appointed counsel who finds an appeal without merit may so advise the court and identify anything in the record that might arguably support the appeal.
- relied: People v. Lewis (2021) 11 Cal.5th 952 — On a facially sufficient section 1172.6 petition the court must appoint counsel and take briefing, may consult the record of conviction at the prima facie stage, and may deny without an order to show cause only where the record establishes ineligibility as a matter of law without factfinding.
- missed: People v. Delgadillo (2022) 14 Cal.5th 216 — Wende independent review is not constitutionally required on appeal from the denial of a section 1172.6 petition; when the defendant files a supplemental brief the court must address the arguments raised in a written opinion and may, but need not, independently review the record.
The appellate opinion: sound with gaps — The result is correct because a defendant convicted of attempted murder as a direct aider and abettor, with no natural and probable consequences instructions, is ineligible for section 1172.6 relief as a matter of law, and the court did evaluate Garcia's supplemental arguments. The opinion nonetheless proceeds under Wende without acknowledging Delgadillo, which was decided months earlier and governs the appellate procedure in this setting, and it never explains why Garcia's direct-aider theory defeats eligibility.
Opinion
Filed 5/3/23 P. v. Garcia CA4/1 NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION ONE
STATE OF CALIFORNIA
THE PEOPLE, D080852
Plaintiff and Respondent, v. (Super. Ct. No. RIF125016)
ADRIAN ALFRED GARCIA,
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from an order of the Superior Court of Riverside County, William S. Lebov, Judge. (Retired Judge of the Yolo Sup. Ct. assigned by the Chief Justice pursuant to art. VI, § 6 of the Cal. Const.) Affirmed. Adrian Alfred Garcia, in pro. per.; and Gary V. Crooks, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and Appellant. No appearance for Plaintiff and Respondent. In 2006, a jury convicted Adrian Alfred Garcia of attempted murder (Pen. Code,1 §§ 664 & 187, subd. (a)) and found true a firearm allegation under section 12022.53, subdivisions (c) and (d). The jury also found true a 1 All further statutory references are to the Penal Code. gang enhancement under section 186.22, subdivision (a) and convicted Garcia of being a felon in possession of a firearm (§ 12021, subd. (a)). Following a resentencing hearing in 2010, Garcia was sentenced to an indeterminate term of 40 years to life. In 2022, Garcia filed a petition for resentencing under section 1170.95 (now renumbered section 1172.6). The court appointed counsel, reviewed the record of conviction, and held a hearing. At the hearing, the parties agreed Garcia was tried as a direct aider and abettor and that no jury instructions were given on felony murder of natural and probable consequences. The trial court denied the petition for resentencing. Garcia filed a timely notice of appeal. Appellate counsel has filed a brief consistent with People v. Wende (1979) 25 Cal.3d 436 (Wende) indicating counsel has not been able to identify any arguable issues for reversal on appeal. Counsel asks the court to review the record for error. We offered Garcia the opportunity to file his own brief on appeal. Garcia has filed a supplemental brief which we will discuss later in this opinion. STATEMENT OF FACTS Counsel has provided a short summary of the facts of the offense, which we will adopt for convenience. On July 14, 2005, two Hispanic males yelled “Eastside Riva” from their car at the victim. The men got out of their car and walked toward the victim. According to the victim, Garcia pulled out a revolver and fired at the victim, striking him in the right hand and right thigh. An anonymous witness provided a license plate number of the vehicle driven by the Hispanic men. On July 21,2005, a routine traffic stop was conducted on that vehicle for a broken taillight and police determined that Garcia was an occupant of the 2 car. Police obtained permission to search his residence, and found a loaded .38 caliber revolver with extra ammunition, and various items with “Eastside” and “ESR IE 14” in the residence. The victim of the shooting later identified Garcia from a six-pack photo lineup. At the hearing on the petition, defense counsel informed the court that according to the Court of Appeal opinion, Garcia was convicted on a direct aiding and abetting theory. DISCUSSION As we have noted, appellate counsel has filed a brief consistent with Wende and asks us to independently review the record for error. To assist the court in its review, and in compliance with Anders v. California (1967) 386 U.S. 738 (Anders), counsel has listed possible issues that were considered in evaluating the potential merits of this appeal. 1. Did the trial court err in denying the petition for lack of finding the petition presented a prima facie case for relief under section 1172.6? 2. Whether the court erred in treating defense counsel’s statement as dispositive. 3. Was trial counsel ineffective for stating what appeared to be the case based on the prior Court of Appeal opinion? In his supplemental brief, Garcia states he did make prima facie showing of eligibility for relief under section 1172.6. Garcia cites People v. Lewis (2021) 11 Cal.5th 952 in support of his position the trial court erred in denying his petition without issuing an order to show cause. Essentially, Garcia claims he was just the driver of the car and even if he encouraged the shooter by yelling “shoot, shoot” that would not imply malice. Finally, Garcia recognizes both counsel agreed he was tried as a direct aider and abettor and 3 that the trial court reviewed the record of conviction. He argues the trial court erred because it did not specify what parts of the record were reviewed. We have considered Garcia’s submission in light of the record on appeal. We find Garcia’s arguments do not raise any arguable issues for reversal on appeal. We have reviewed the entire record consistent with Wende and Anders. We have not discovered any arguable issues for reversal on appeal. Competent counsel has represented Garcia on this appeal. DISPOSITION The order denying Garcia’s petition for resentencing under section 1172.6 is affirmed.
HUFFMAN, Acting P. J.
WE CONCUR:
O’ROURKE, J.
KELETY, J.
Cites, in this corpus
- People v. Lewis S260598 · 2021-07-26
- People v. Wende Crim. 20851 · 1979-10-12