The Seal
THE SEAL
- Proceeding
- district
- Area
- other
- Panel
- James (author)
Analysis
The claimant moved to release the seized power boat *The Seal* from custody upon posting a bond under Section 938 of the Revised Statutes, pending a forfeiture proceeding. The court denied the motion, holding that the statute applies only to seizures for monetary claims, not to in rem forfeitures where the government seeks the specific property.
| What the court decided | The model |
|---|---|
Motion for release of vessel upon bond denied“The motion of the claimant for an order that the boat seized be released to him on bond is denied.” | agree with court The court correctly distinguishes between seizures for monetary penalties and in rem forfeitures. Section 938 (28 U.S.C. § 751) historically provided for the release of property seized for duties or penalties upon bond. In cases of statutory forfeiture where the statute mandates the destruction or absolute forfeiture of the instrumentality itself, the government's interest is in the specific property, not its monetary value. Therefore, a bond securing the value of the vessel does not adequately secure the government's interest in the vessel itself. The reliance on *United States v. The Three Friends* supports this distinction. |
The order itself: sound — The order is sound. It correctly identifies the legal distinction between a seizure to secure a monetary debt/penalty and an in rem forfeiture where the property itself is the outlaw. The court correctly interprets Section 938 as limited to the former category. The reasoning that a bond for the value of the vessel does not satisfy the government's interest in the specific vessel in a forfeiture case is legally sound and consistent with the cited precedent.
Opinion — James
JAMES, District Judge.
Heretofore the United States seized the power boat Seal. It then brought a libel. Forfeiture of the boat was claimed under provisions of certain sections of the Revised Statutes covering cases of false oaths made to procure the licensing of vessels, and of the Tariff Act § 594 (19 USCA § 498). Under the facts as alleged in the libel, the offending boat is made the subject of absolute forfeiture.
Alfred La Verne, appearing as owner and claimant, has asked for an, order requiring the government to release the boat from custody upon his furnishing a bond in the form and to the effect provided by section 938, Revised Statutes (28 USCA § 751). The United States attorney resists the application and offers the contention that section 938, Rev. St. (28 USCA § 751), is not applicable to the case, and that under no other provision, either of the admiralty law or general statutes, is a boat seized for forfeiture by the United States subject to be released pending decree.
At the outset, the question is at once suggested: If a bond is accepted and the boat released, and a decree of forfeiture rendered, what is it that the United States then has to subject to the penalty of the law?
Where a thing is made forfeitable because of some offense committed through its use, it is the thing itself that immediately becomes an outlaw, and subject to be removed from all opportunity to repeat the offenses charged. Upon such forfeiture being declared, the thing might be destroyed, or bo dealt with by the governmental power in any other way that the law provides. In such a case the government does not proceed to collect charges due it, nor is the purpose to secure the highest monetary return from the thing condemned. Very different is the case from that found in the general field of civil admiralty, or in that class where the government takes property to secure itself for the payment of fees due it, and incident penalties.
Section 938, Revised Statutes (28 USCA § 751), in the reason of its provisions, to my mind, contemplates eases only where the United States has a specific claim for money (whether as duties, fees or penalties) which it is entitled to collect. Very plainly in ¡juch cases a bond sufficient in amount to cover the charges and penalties due will adequately se*244cure to the government all that it requires under a seizure made. If there were a provision that the bond given by the claimant to release his property should provide for a return of the thing itself to the libelant upon the entry of a decree of forfeiture, there would be a better argument in favor of the position taken by the claimant in this ease. But the bond, if allowed, would only return to the libelant money to the amount of the appraised value of the outlawed thing, instead of the specific property made the subject of forfeiture. As I have before stated, the government’s interest in such a case is not in the worth of the thing, or the amount it will bring at a sale in the market.
The logic of the court’s reasoning in United States v. The Three Friends, 166 U. S. 1, 17 S. Ct. 495, 41 L. Ed. 897, which cites The Mary N. Hogan (D. C.) 17 F. 813, seems altogether applicable to the conditions of this case. To be sure, a different statute was there under consideration, but the case was one where a forfeiture was provided to be allowed in favor of the government. I can see no reason why a different answer should be made to any case of forfeiture, as distinguished from a ease of seizure to enforce payment of charges or penalties arising under a statute in the United States.
The motion of the claimant for an order that the boat seized be released to him on bond is denied. An exception is allowed to the claimant on account of the making of this order.