gno.law

People v. Hedgecock CA4/1

California Court of Appeal · D064977 · 2015-02-11 · Unpublished

Proceeding
appeal from a judgment
Trial court
Superior Court of San Diego County · No. SCD228615;SCE330151
Trial judge
Patricia K. Cookson
Outcome
affirmed — Affirmed.
Area
criminal
Panel
O'Rourke (author), Patricia D. Benke, Joan K. Irion

Analysis

A model's reading — qwen3.8-27b, prompt v1, 2026-10-13T06:24Z · confidence high

The trial court convicted the defendant of burglary and sentenced her to three years in state prison. The Court of Appeal affirmed the judgment, finding that substantial evidence supported the jury's finding that the defendant entered the residence with the intent to commit theft.

Ruling reviewedStandardThe courtThe model
Sufficiency of the evidence to support the burglary conviction, specifically the element of intent to commit theft.
“We conclude sufficient evidence supports the jury's verdict.”
de novocorrectagree with court
The court applied the correct standard of review for sufficiency of the evidence, examining the record in the light most favorable to the judgment. The court correctly identified that intent to commit theft can be inferred from circumstantial evidence, such as unlawful entry without reasonable explanation, the defendant's status as a stranger, and flight from the scene. The court properly deferred to the jury's assessment of credibility and weight of the evidence, noting that the jury could reasonably infer intent to steal based on the defendant's need for shelter/food and her unauthorized entry. The reasoning is consistent with established California law regarding burglary and sufficiency of evidence.

Authorities

  • relied: People v. Kraft (2000) 23 Cal.4th 978 — Standard of review for sufficiency of the evidence; the appellate court presumes in support of the judgment the existence of every fact the trier could reasonably deduce from the evidence.
  • relied: People v. Ceja (1993) 4 Cal.4th 1134 — Standard of review for sufficiency of the evidence; the same standard applies when the conviction rests primarily on circumstantial evidence.
  • relied: People v. Stewart (2000) 77 Cal.App.4th 785 — The appellate court does not reweigh the evidence; credibility and weight are matters for the trier of fact.
  • relied: People v. Redmond (1969) 71 Cal.2d 745 — The court will not reverse unless it clearly appears that on no hypothesis whatever is there sufficient substantial evidence to support the jury's verdict.
  • relied: People v. Montoya (1994) 7 Cal.4th 1027 — Burglary is committed when a person enters a building with intent to commit grand or petit larceny or any felony.
  • relied: People v. Lawrence (2000) 24 Cal.4th 219 — The essence of the offense of burglary is entry with the proscribed intent.
  • relied: People v. Allen (1999) 21 Cal.4th 846 — Entry with the requisite intent constitutes the completed crime of burglary regardless of whether any felony or theft actually is committed.
  • relied: People v. Nunley (1985) 168 Cal.App.3d 225 — It does not matter whether a person enters a house with larcenous or felonious intent through a closed door, an open door, or a window.
  • relied: In re Leanna W. (2004) 120 Cal.App.4th 735 — The requisite intent for burglary is rarely demonstrated by direct proof and may be inferred from facts and circumstances.
  • relied: People v. Lewis (2001) 25 Cal.4th 610 — Evidence such as theft of property from a dwelling may create a reasonable inference that there was intent to commit theft at the time of entry.
  • relied: People v. Jordan (1962) 204 Cal.App.2d 782 — An intent to steal may be inferred from an unlawful entry without reasonable explanation of the entry.
  • relied: People v. Frye (1985) 166 Cal.App.3d 941 — An intent to steal may be inferred from flight after being discovered.
  • relied: People v. Lopez (1967) 249 Cal.App.2d 93 — An intent to steal may be inferred from flight after being discovered.
  • relied: People v. Swenson (1938) 28 Cal.App.2d 636 — Such intent may be inferred when the defendant is a stranger and enters a home at a late hour, without permission, and without announcing his intent.
  • relied: People v. Marshall (1997) 15 Cal.4th 1 — A conviction cannot be based on mere speculation and conjecture.
  • relied: People v. Harvey (1984) 163 Cal.App.3d 90 — Substantial evidence means more than simply one of several plausible explanations for an ambiguous event.
  • relied: People v. Valencia (2002) 28 Cal.4th 1 — Cutting a screen to a house satisfies the 'entry' element of the burglary statute.
  • relied: People v. Yarbrough (2012) 54 Cal.4th 889 — Overruled People v. Valencia on other grounds.

The appellate opinion: sound — The opinion is sound because it correctly applies the standard of review for sufficiency of the evidence and relies on well-established California authorities to support the inference of intent to commit theft from circumstantial evidence. The court properly defers to the jury's assessment of the evidence and does not reweigh it.

How this analysis was made · dispute it

A model's reading — claude-fable-5-1, prompt v1, 2026-10-13T04:31Z · confidence low

A San Diego jury convicted Rachelle Hedgecock of first degree residential burglary with a person present, after she cut two window screens on a stranger's home at 8:00 a.m. while claiming to look for a woman who had moved from the house years earlier, and the trial court sentenced her to three years with a concurrent term on a probation violation. On appeal she argued the evidence did not show intent to commit theft at entry; the Court of Appeal, applying the substantial evidence standard, held the jury could infer larcenous intent from the unauthorized cutting entry into a stranger's home, her knowledge that her acquaintance no longer lived there, her need for food or shelter, and asserted flight, and affirmed.

Ruling reviewedStandardThe courtThe model
Judgment of conviction for burglary (Pen. Code, § 459) upheld against a sufficiency-of-the-evidence challenge to the intent-to-commit-theft element
“Hedgecock also fled from the scene, indicating a consciousness of her guilt.”
substantial evidencecorrectagree with court
Under Kraft and Redmond the reviewing court must presume every fact the jury could reasonably deduce, and cutting two window screens of a stranger's occupied home without knocking, coupled with evidence Hedgecock knew her acquaintance had moved away and that she wanted food and a place to stay, reasonably supports an inference of intent to steal; the jury was entitled to reject her 'looking for Jessica' explanation (Jordan; Swenson; Frye). The result is defensible, but the opinion's reasoning has two soft spots: the Factual Background never recites that Hedgecock fled (Richardson spoke with her outside and the detective detained her 'near' the home), yet the analysis relies on flight as consciousness of guilt; and an intent to shower is not an intent to commit larceny, so only the food inference supports the theft element. The daytime hour also distinguishes Frye and Swenson, which the court does not acknowledge. Despite these gaps, the deferential standard and the forced entry into a stranger's residence make the affirmance correct.

Authorities

  • relied: People v. Kraft (2000) 23 Cal.4th 978 — On a sufficiency challenge the reviewing court views the whole record in the light most favorable to the judgment and presumes every fact the trier could reasonably deduce; the same standard applies to circumstantial evidence.
  • relied: People v. Redmond (1969) 71 Cal.2d 745 — A conviction will not be reversed unless on no hypothesis whatever is there sufficient substantial evidence to support the verdict.
  • relied: People v. Montoya (1994) 7 Cal.4th 1027 — Burglary is complete upon entry with the proscribed intent regardless of whether a theft or felony is actually committed.
  • relied: People v. Valencia (2002) 28 Cal.4th 1 — Penetration of a window screen constitutes entry into the building for purposes of burglary (conceded by appellant); overruled on other grounds by People v. Yarbrough.
  • relied: People v. Yarbrough (2012) 54 Cal.4th 889 — Cited as overruling Valencia on other grounds regarding the outer boundary of a building.
  • relied: In re Leanna W. (2004) 120 Cal.App.4th 735 — Burglarious intent is rarely shown by direct proof and may be inferred from the facts and circumstances surrounding the entry.
  • relied: People v. Jordan (1962) 204 Cal.App.2d 782 — Intent to steal may be inferred from an unlawful entry without a reasonable explanation for the entry.
  • relied: People v. Frye (1985) 166 Cal.App.3d 941 — Intent to steal may be inferred from the totality of circumstances, including a late-hour unauthorized entry and flight upon discovery.
  • relied: People v. Swenson (1938) 28 Cal.App.2d 636 — Larcenous intent may be inferred where a stranger enters a room at a late hour without permission, knocking, or announcing his purpose.
  • relied: People v. Marshall (1997) 15 Cal.4th 1 — Mere speculation cannot support a conviction.

The appellate opinion: sound with gaps — The court correctly states the substantial evidence standard and the settled rule that burglarious intent may be inferred from an unexplained, unauthorized entry into a stranger's home, and the forced screen-cutting entry reasonably supports the verdict. The analysis, however, relies on flight that the opinion's own factual recitation does not describe, treats a desire to shower as if it supported larcenous intent, and does not address the daytime hour or the defendant's offered explanation that the jury had to reject, so the result is defensible but the reasoning skips steps.

How this analysis was made · dispute it

record incomplete

Opinion

Filed 2/11/15 P. v. Hedgecock CA4/1 NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

DIVISION ONE

STATE OF CALIFORNIA

THE PEOPLE, D064977

Plaintiff and Respondent, v. (Super. Ct. No. SCD228615; SCE330151) RACHELLE HEDGECOCK, Defendant and Appellant.

APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of San Diego County, Patricia K.

Cookson, Judge. Affirmed.

Janice R. Mazur, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and Appellant.

Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Julie L. Garland, Assistant Attorney General, Eric Swenson, Lynne McGinnis and Ryan H. Peeck, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent. A jury convicted Rachelle Anne Hedgecock of burglary. (Pen. Code,1 § 459.) It found true allegations that the building was inhabited (§ 460) and another person other than an accomplice was present in the residence during the commission of the crime.

(§ 667.5, subd. (c)(21).) The court sentenced Hedgecock to three years in state prison in this case and to a concurrent three-year term on a related probation violation.

Hedgecock contends the evidence was not sufficient to support the conviction because she did not act with the intent to commit theft. We affirm the judgment.

FACTUAL BACKGROUND

Prosecution Case At around 8:00 a.m. on May 19, 2013, Shaun Richardson was awakened by a loud noise at his residence on Riverdance Court in Alpine. From his upstairs bedroom window, he saw Hedgecock standing outside holding a pair of scissors. He asked her what she was doing there. She replied she was looking for a woman and mentioned a name but Richardson was unsure of the name. He went downstairs and noticed that two of his window screens had been cut and removed. Richardson had lived at the residence since 2009 but had never seen Hedgecock before. He called the sheriff's department.

San Diego County Sheriff's Department Detective Richard Bolter reported to the scene and detained Hedgecock near Richardson's home. Hedgecock had a pair of scissors in her bag. She said she had been looking for her niece named Jessica.

1 Statutory references are to the Penal Code.

2 Defense Case James Danielson, Hedgecock's father, testified Hedgecock had telephoned him on either May 18 or 19, 2013, asking for a shower and possibly a meal.

Jessica Vanderbilt testified that for 18 months, until 2008, she lived at the Alpine residence where Richardson lived at the time of the burglary. Approximately one year before the burglary, Vanderbilt told Hedgecock she had moved to a different house in the same general area. In either April or May 2013, Hedgecock had telephoned Vanderbilt, stating she needed a place to stay the night.

DISCUSSION

I. Standard of Review "In addressing a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence supporting a conviction, the reviewing court must examine the whole record in the light most favorable to the judgment to determine whether it discloses substantial evidence— evidence that is reasonable, credible and of solid value—such that a reasonable trier of fact could find the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. [Citation.] The appellate court presumes in support of the judgment the existence of every fact the trier could reasonably deduce from the evidence. [Citations.] The same standard applies when the conviction rests primarily on circumstantial evidence. [Citation.] Although it is the jury's duty to acquit a defendant if it finds the circumstantial evidence susceptible of two reasonable interpretations, one of which suggests guilt and the other innocence, it is the jury, not the appellate court that must be convinced of the defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. [Citation.] ' "If the circumstances reasonably justify the trier of fact's 3 findings, the opinion of the reviewing court that the circumstances might also reasonably be reconciled with a contrary finding does not warrant a reversal of the judgment." ' "

(People v. Kraft (2000) 23 Cal.4th 978, 1053-1054; see also People v. Ceja (1993) 4 Cal.4th 1134, 1139.)

In making our determination, we do not reweigh the evidence; the credibility of witnesses and the weight to be accorded to the evidence are matters exclusively within the province of the trier of fact. (People v. Stewart (2000) 77 Cal.App.4th 785, 790.) We will not reverse unless it clearly appears that on no hypothesis whatever is there sufficient substantial evidence to support the jury's verdict. (People v. Redmond (1969) 71 Cal.2d 745, 755; see also People v. Stewart, at p. 790; People v. Olea (1971) 15 Cal.App.3d 508, 513.)

II. Legal Principles Burglary is committed when a "person . . . enters any house, room, apartment . . .

or other building . . . with intent to commit grand or petit larceny or any felony[.]"

(§ 459; People v. Montoya (1994) 7 Cal.4th 1027, 1041; see People v. Lawrence (2000)

24 Cal.4th 219, 232-233.) It is settled that the essence of the offense is entry with the proscribed intent; such entry constitutes the completed crime of burglary regardless of whether any felony or theft actually is committed. (People v. Allen (1999) 21 Cal.4th 846, 863, fn. 18; see also Montoya, at pp. 1041-1042.) It does not matter whether a person who enters a house with larcenous or felonious intent does so through a closed door, an open door, or a window; the entry with the requisite intent constitutes the burglary. (People v. Nunley (1985) 168 Cal.App.3d 225, 231.)

4 "[I]n reviewing the sufficiency of evidence to support a burglary finding, the requisite intent is rarely demonstrated by direct proof, and as a result, may be inferred from facts and circumstances. [Citation.] As a result, evidence such as theft of property from a dwelling may create a reasonable inference that there was intent to commit theft at the time of entry." (In re Leanna W. (2004) 120 Cal.App.4th 735, 741; see People v. Lewis (2001) 25 Cal.4th 610, 643.)

However, an intent to steal may also be inferred from an unlawful entry without reasonable explanation of the entry (see People v. Jordan (1962) 204 Cal.App.2d 782, 786) or from flight after being discovered. (People v. Frye (1985) 166 Cal.App.3d 941, 947 [codefendant made an unauthorized entry into a vacant home at 1:00 a.m. and ran out the back door after a police officer yelled, " '[F]reeze' "; the "late hour and sudden flight upon discovery support the inference [he] entered with intent to steal"]; People v. Lopez (1967) 249 Cal.App.2d 93, 98.) Such intent may be inferred when the defendant is a stranger and enters a home at a late hour, without permission, and without announcing his intent. (People v. Swenson (1938) 28 Cal.App.2d 636, 639-640 [evidence was sufficient to prove a defendant entered a room with the intent to commit larceny because he entered the hotel room at 3:00 a.m. without authorization, knocking or giving a prior warning].)

The intent to steal may be inferred from the totality of the facts and circumstances.

(Frye, 166 Cal.App.3d at p. 947.) If the circumstances of a particular case and the conduct of the defendant reasonably indicate that his or her purpose in unlawfully entering a home is to commit larceny, a reviewing court will not disturb a guilty verdict on a burglary charge. (Swenson, 28 Cal.App.2d 636 at pp. 639-640.)

5 It is, of course, settled that a conviction cannot be based on mere speculation and conjecture. (People v. Marshall (1997) 15 Cal.4th 1, 35 ["mere speculation cannot support a conviction"]; People v. Harvey (1984) 163 Cal.App.3d 90, 105, fn. 7 ["Substantial evidence means more than simply one of several plausible explanations for an ambiguous event."].)

III. Analysis Hedgecock concedes that her cutting the screen to Richardson's house satisfied the "entry" element of the burglary statute under People v. Valencia (2002) 28 Cal.4th 1, 13- 14, overruled on other grounds as stated in People v. Yarbrough (2012) 54 Cal.4th 889, 894. The evidence supporting the intent element of the burglary statute include that Hedgecock was a stranger to Richardson and did not ring the doorbell to be allowed inside; rather she cut the screen window open. Based on her phone call to her father around the date of the burglary, Hedgecock apparently wanted a place to shower or food to eat. The jury could reasonably infer that she entered Richardson's home looking for those things. Vanderbilt had told her she no longer lived at the address where Richardson lived, permitting an inference that Hedgecock knew her entry was without permission.

Hedgecock also fled from the scene, indicating a consciousness of her guilt. It was the jury's duty to evaluate the evidence and counterarguments tending to support Hedgecock's claim of innocence. The jury did so and found Hedgecock guilty. We conclude sufficient evidence supports the jury's verdict.

6 DISPOSITION

The judgment is affirmed.

O'ROURKE, J.

WE CONCUR:

BENKE, Acting P. J.

IRION, J.

Cites, in this corpus