Opinion

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 DUNG QUOC NGUYEN, Case No. 25-cv-02791-BAS-KSC 12 Petitioner, ORDER: 13 v. (1) REQUIRING THE 14 KRISTI NOEM, et al., GOVERNMENT TO RESPOND 15 Respondents. TO PETITION FOR WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS (ECF No. 1); 16 17 (2) GRANTING MOTION TO APPOINT COUNSEL 18 (ECF No. 2); 19 (3) SETTING HEARING ON 20 PETITION; 21 (4) PROVIDING NOTICE UNDER 22 RULE 65(a)(2); AND 23 (5) PRESERVING THE COURT’S 24 JURISDICTION 25 26 27 Petitioner Dung Quoc Nguyen filed a Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus pursuant 28 to 28 U.S.C. § 2241. (ECF No. 1.) Petitioner also filed a Motion to Appoint Counsel 1 (ECF No. 2) and a Motion for Temporary Restraining Order (“Motion for Injunctive 2 Relief”). (ECF No. 3.) The Court addresses each in turn. 3 I. PETITION 4 Petitioner was born to a Vietnamese family “in a refugee camp in the Philippines.” 5 (Pet. 1.) He alleges he is subject to a final order of removal. (Id.) However, Petitioner 6 claims “he does not qualify for removal to Vietnam either under the 2008 repatriation treaty 7 or the [2020 Memorandum of Understanding] because he entered the U.S. before 1995 and 8 he never resided in Vietnam. And he is not a natural born citizen of the Philippines either— 9 only people with Filipino parents are.” (Id.) Thus, Petitioner claims there is not a 10 significant likelihood of his removal in the reasonably foreseeable future. (Id.) 11 Nevertheless, he is being detained by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (“ICE”). 12 (Id.) Hence, Petitioner alleges that his detention violates Zadvydas v. Davis, 533 U.S. 678 13 (2001); 8 U.S.C. § 1231; ICE’s regulations; the Fifth Amendment; and the Administrative 14 Procedure Act. (Id.) Petitioner asks the Court to order his release from ICE custody and 15 enjoin Respondents from removing him to any country other than Vietnam without notice. 16 (Id.) 17 Having reviewed the Petition, the Court finds summary dismissal is unwarranted at 18 this time. See Kourteva v. INS, 151 F. Supp. 2d 1126, 1128 (N.D. Cal. 2001) (“Summary 19 dismissal is appropriate only where the allegations in the petition are vague or conclusory, 20 palpably incredible, or patently frivolous or false.”). Therefore, the Court will order the 21 Government to respond to the Petition. 22 II. MOTION TO APPOINT COUNSEL 23 Under 18 U.S.C. § 3006A(a)(2), the court may appoint counsel for financially 24 eligible habeas petitioners when “the interests of justice so require.” See Terrovona v. 25 Kincheloe, 912 F.2d 1176, 1181–82 (9th Cir. 1990). In determining whether to appoint 26 counsel, courts consider the petitioner’s likelihood of success on the merits and the ability 27 to articulate claims pro se given the complexity of the issues. Weygandt v. Look, 718 F.2d 28 952, 954 (9th Cir. 1983). 1 Here, Petitioner has cited legal authority to support his Petition and Motion for 2 Injunctive Relief, demonstrating that his arguments are legally grounded and non- 3 frivolous. (ECF Nos. 1, 3.) Further, the Court finds that it is unlikely Petitioner can 4 adequately present his claims pro se without counsel’s assistance due to the complexity of 5 the legal issues involving constitutional law, statutory interpretation, administrative 6 procedure, and habeas law. While Petitioner has articulated his claims in his filings, he 7 appears to have received assistance from Federal Defenders of San Diego, Inc., which now 8 seeks appointment as counsel. (ECF No. 2.) Accordingly, the Court GRANTS Petitioner’s 9 Motion to Appoint Counsel and APPOINTS Federal Defenders to represent him. 10 III. MOTION FOR INJUNCTIVE RELIEF 11 Turning to the Motion for Injunctive Relief, the Court grants in part and denies in 12 part the ex parte request for a temporary restraining order. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(b). 13 “While temporary restraining orders may be heard in true ex parte fashion (i.e., without 14 notice to an opposing party), the Court will do so only in extraordinary circumstances. The 15 Court’s strong preference is for the opposing party to be served and afforded a reasonable 16 opportunity to file an opposition.” Standing Order for Civil Cases § 9; see also Granny 17 Goose Foods, Inc. v. Bhd. of Teamsters & Auto Truck Drivers Loc. No. 70 of Alameda 18 Cnty., 415 U.S. 423, 438–39 (1974) (discussing ex parte temporary restraining orders and 19 their “stringent restrictions”); accord Reno Air Racing Ass’n, Inc. v. McCord, 452 F.3d 20 1126, 1131 (9th Cir. 2006) (same). 21 Here, the Court finds it is necessary to enter a limited injunction to preserve its 22 jurisdiction until the Court can rule on the Petition. See 28 U.S.C. § 1651(a); see also FTC 23 v. Dean Foods Co., 384 U.S. 597, 604 (1966); Al Otro Lado v. Wolf, 952 F.3d 999, 1006 24 n.6 (9th Cir. 2020). If Respondents remove Petitioner to a country other than Vietnam 25 without notice, the Court will be unable to provide relief if the Petition proves to be 26 meritorious. Therefore, Respondents, along with their agents, employees, successors, 27 attorneys, and all persons acting in concert with them, are ENJOINED from removing 28 1 Petitioner to a country other than Vietnam without notice and an opportunity to be heard. 2 Unless extended by the Court, this Order will expire fourteen days after entry. 3 As to the rest of Petitioner’s ex parte filing, including his request that the Court order 4 him to be released, the Court finds it appropriate to consider the Motion for Injunctive 5 Relief under Rule 65(a) and provide the Government with an opportunity to respond. 6 Hence, the Court will set a briefing schedule on the Motion for Injunctive Relief. 7 Finally, the Court provides notice to the parties that it intends to consolidate the 8 Motion for Injunctive Relief with a determination on the merits under Rule 65(a)(2). See 9 Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(a)(2); see also Slidewaters LLC v. Wash. State Dep’t of Lab. & Indus., 10 4 F.4th 747, 759 (9th Cir. 2021) (noting the court can invoke Rule 65(a)(2) by giving “clear 11 and unambiguous notice”). In other words, the Court intends to resolve both the Petition 12 and the Motion for Injunctive Relief simultaneously. 13 IV. CONCLUSION 14 In light of the foregoing, the Court ORDERS as follows: 15 1. The Court GRANTS the Motion to Appoint Counsel. (ECF No. 2.) The 16 Court APPOINTS Federal Defenders of San Diego, Inc. to represent Petitioner for this 17 matter. 18 2. The Government must file a response to the Petition and the Motion for 19 Injunctive Relief no later than Wednesday, October 29, 2025. The Government’s 20 response must address the allegations in the Petition and must include any documents 21 relevant to the determination of the issues raised in the Petition. 22 3. Petitioner may file a reply in support of his Petition and the Motion for 23 Injunctive Relief no later than Wednesday, November 5, 2025. 24 4. The parties must appear in Courtroom 12B on Friday, November 7, 2025, at 25 2:30 p.m. for a hearing on the Petition and the Motion for Injunctive Relief. 26 5. Respondents, along with their agents, employees, successors, attorneys, and 27 all persons acting in concert with them, are ENJOINED from removing Petitioner to a 28 1 country other than Vietnam without notice and an opportunity to be heard. Unless extended 2 || by the Court, this Order will expire fourteen days after entry. 3 6. The Clerk of Court shall provide the Civil Division of the U.S. Attorney’s 4 || Office with a copy of the Petition (ECF No. 1), the Motion for Injunctive Relief (ECF No. 5 and this Order. 6 IT IS SO ORDERED. 7 ~ 8 || DATED: October 23, 2025 (yatta Bahar 9 Hon. Cynthia Bashant, Chief Judge United States District Court 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28