People v. Fay CA4/1
- Proceeding
- appeal from an order
- Trial court
- Superior Court of San Diego County · No. SCE357523
- Trial judge
- Daniel G. Lamborn
- Outcome
- affirmed — Affirmed.
- Area
- criminal
- Panel
- Buchanan (author), Judith D. McConnell, Julia C. Kelety
Analysis
The trial court denied Fay's petition for resentencing under Penal Code section 1172.6, finding beyond a reasonable doubt that he was the actual killer of the victim. The Court of Appeal affirmed the denial, finding no arguable issues on independent review of the record.
| Ruling reviewed | Standard | The court | The model |
|---|---|---|---|
Denial of petition for resentencing under Penal Code section 1172.6“Based on the evidence, the court found beyond a reasonable doubt that Fay was guilty of first degree murder as the actual killer and was therefore ineligible for resentencing relief.” | de novo | correct | agree with court The appellate court affirmed the trial court's determination that Fay was the actual killer, a finding of fact supported by the preliminary hearing testimony and the factual basis of his guilty plea. The court correctly applied the standard that a petitioner is ineligible for relief if the People prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the petitioner is the actual killer. |
Consideration of preliminary hearing transcript at the evidentiary hearing“The court also considered testimony from the preliminary hearing but only to the extent such testimony was not admitted as hearsay pursuant to section 872, subdivision (b).” | abuse of discretion | correct | agree with court The appellate court reviewed the trial court's use of the preliminary hearing transcript and found no error. The trial court properly limited its consideration to testimony that was not hearsay under section 872, subdivision (b), which is the appropriate standard for evaluating evidence at a section 1172.6 evidentiary hearing. |
Authorities
- relied: People v. Delgadillo (2022) 14 Cal.5th 216 — Appellate counsel must review the record for potential issues when the petitioner has not filed a supplemental brief.
- relied: People v. Wende (1979) 25 Cal.3d 436 — Appellate counsel must conduct an independent review of the record to identify arguable issues when the petitioner has not filed a brief.
- relied: Anders v. California (1967) 386 U.S. 738 — Appellate counsel must file a brief identifying any arguable issues when the petitioner has not filed a brief.
- relied: People v. Harvey (1979) 25 Cal.3d 754 — A defendant who pleads guilty to a lesser included offense may not be resentenced on a dismissed greater offense.
The appellate opinion: sound — The opinion is sound because it correctly applies the Wende/Anders/Delgadillo framework to review the record and affirms the trial court's finding that Fay was the actual killer. The court properly addresses the potential issues identified by counsel and finds no arguable errors.
How this analysis was made · dispute it
unusual dispositionThe trial court, after issuing an order to show cause and holding an evidentiary hearing on Fay's Penal Code section 1172.6 petition, denied resentencing relief, finding beyond a reasonable doubt on the preliminary hearing evidence (excluding section 872(b) hearsay) and the plea's factual basis that Fay was the actual killer in a first degree murder committed during a burglary. On appeal, appointed counsel filed a no-issue brief under Delgadillo, Wende, and Anders, Fay filed no supplemental brief, and the Court of Appeal exercised its discretion to review the entire record, found no arguable issues, and affirmed.
| Ruling reviewed | Standard | The court | The model |
|---|---|---|---|
Denial of section 1172.6 resentencing petition after evidentiary hearing on the finding that Fay was guilty of first degree murder as the actual killer beyond a reasonable doubt“Based on the evidence, the court found beyond a reasonable doubt that Fay was guilty of first degree murder as the actual killer and was therefore ineligible for resentencing relief.” | unclear | correct | agree with court The appellate court did not articulate a standard; it conducted a Delgadillo/Wende independent review and found no arguable issue. On the facts recited, Fay admitted on his plea form that he unlawfully killed a human being during a burglary, admitted to police hitting the victim multiple times with a bowling pin and antique hammer, admitted cutting water lines to destroy evidence, and was found with the victim's property. An actual killer remains liable for felony murder under amended section 189, so the trial court's finding as factfinder is supported and the denial was proper. Fay's contrary claim that the victim was alive when he left was a credibility question for the trial court. |
Consideration of the preliminary hearing transcript (excluding hearsay admitted under section 872, subdivision (b)) and the plea's factual basis at the section 1172.6, subdivision (d)(3) evidentiary hearing“The court also considered testimony from the preliminary hearing but only to the extent such testimony was not admitted as hearsay pursuant to section 872, subdivision (b).” | unclear | correct | agree with court Section 1172.6, subdivision (d)(3) expressly permits the court at the evidentiary hearing to consider evidence previously admitted at any prior hearing that is admissible under current law, and expressly excludes hearsay admitted at a preliminary hearing under section 872, subdivision (b) unless otherwise admissible. The trial court followed that statutory scheme precisely and also declined to use the Harvey waiver as to dismissed allegations, so the appellate court's conclusion that this presented no arguable issue is consistent with the statute. |
Authorities
- relied: People v. Delgadillo (2022) 14 Cal.5th 216 — In an appeal from denial of a section 1172.6 petition where counsel files a no-issue brief, the Court of Appeal is not required to conduct Wende review but may exercise its discretion to independently review the record; if the defendant files no supplemental brief, the appeal may be dismissed as abandoned or reviewed in the court's discretion.
- relied: People v. Wende (1979) 25 Cal.3d 436 — When appointed counsel files a brief raising no arguable issues in a criminal appeal, the appellate court conducts an independent review of the record for arguable issues.
- relied: Anders v. California (1967) 386 U.S. 738 — Appointed counsel who finds an appeal wholly frivolous must so advise the court and identify anything in the record that might arguably support the appeal, after which the court reviews the record.
The appellate opinion: sound with gaps — The court correctly applied Delgadillo by exercising its discretion to review the record and considering the two potential issues counsel identified, and the recited facts (Fay's plea admission and his statements to police) readily support the actual-killer finding and the trial court's statutorily compliant use of the preliminary hearing transcript. The opinion, however, offers no substantive analysis of either identified issue and cites no authority on section 1172.6, subdivision (d)(3) or the actual-killer bar, leaving the result defensible but unexplained.
Opinion
Filed 11/25/24 P. v. Fay CA4/1 NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION ONE
STATE OF CALIFORNIA
THE PEOPLE, D083969
Plaintiff and Respondent, v. (Super. Ct. No. SCE357523) RORY PATRICK FAY, Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from an order of the Superior Court of San Diego County, Daniel G. Lamborn, Judge. Affirmed. Joshua L. Siegel, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and Appellant. No appearance for Plaintiff and Respondent. Defendant Rory Patrick Fay appeals from an order after an evidentiary hearing denying his petition for resentencing relief under Penal Code section 1172.6.1 His appointed counsel filed an opening brief raising no arguable issues and requesting that we exercise our discretion to review the record for potential issues under People v. Delgadillo (2022) 14 Cal.5th 216 1 Further undesignated statutory references are to the Penal Code. (Delgadillo), People v. Wende (1979) 25 Cal.3d 436 (Wende), and Anders v. California (1967) 386 U.S. 738 (Anders). We informed Fay of his right to personally file a brief, and he has not done so. We have independently reviewed the record and find no arguable issues that would result in a modification or reversal of the order denying resentencing relief. Accordingly, we affirm. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND In March 2016, Fay was charged with one count of first degree murder (§ 187, subd. (a)) with allegations that he personally used a deadly and dangerous weapon (§ 12022, subd. (b)(1)) and the victim was 60 years of age or older (§ 1203.09, subd. (a)). It was also alleged that he had one prison prior (§ 667.5, subd. (b); § 668) and three probation denial priors (§ 1203, subd. (e)(4)). At the preliminary hearing, one of the paramedics who discovered the victim’s body testified. He stated that he found the victim after responding to a 911 call at the victim’s home. The victim had various blunt force injuries to his head and arms. It also appeared that the victim’s house had been ransacked. The water lines in the kitchen and bathrooms had been cut, and there was water on the floor throughout the house. Fay’s prior girlfriend testified that the victim was a friend of Fay’s family. Around 2013, Fay mentioned to her that he was planning to steal valuable items from the victim, and that he wanted to inject the victim with heroin to make it look like an overdose. Fay’s sister-in-law also testified that in 2015, he told her that he knew how to get into the victim’s home, and that he had stolen items from the victim before. Fay admitted to his sister-in-law that he went to the victim’s home on one occasion while the victim was asleep and ended up hitting him with the butt of a gun.
2 The arresting officer testified that police found various items belonging to the victim in Fay’s possession, including replica pistols the victim had displayed on the walls in his home. Fay initially denied during questioning any involvement in the victim’s death. Fay claimed the victim was a “crazy drunk” and molested him when he was a child. Fay later admitted that he had gone to the victim’s home looking for a place to stay, and that he hit the victim multiple times with a bowling pin and antique hammer in self-defense. Fay claimed that when he left, the victim was still alive. Fay admitted, however, that he cut the water lines in the house to destroy evidence. Following the preliminary hearing, the trial court bound Fay over on all charges. The People also filed an amended information adding a special circumstance allegation that Fay committed the murder during the commission of a burglary (§ 190.2, subd. (a)(17)). In February 2017, Fay pled guilty to one count of first degree murder (§ 187, subd. (a)). On his change of plea form, Fay admitted, “I unlawfully killed a human being during a burglary.” Fay entered a Harvey2 waiver as part of the plea, and the People agreed to dismiss the balance of the information and a separate case that was pending against Fay. The trial court then sentenced Fay to a stipulated sentence of 25 years to life. On December 2, 2022, Fay filed a petition for resentencing under former section 1170.95, now section 1172.6.3 After the appointment of counsel, briefing, and arguments by the attorneys, the trial court found that Fay set forth a prima facie claim for relief and issued an order to show cause.
2 People v. Harvey (1979) 25 Cal.3d 754 (Harvey).
3 Effective June 30, 2022, former section 1170.95 was renumbered to section 1172.6 with no change in text. (Stats. 2022, ch. 58, § 10.) We refer to the statute by its current designation. 3 In the return to the order to show cause, the People submitted the preliminary hearing transcript and exhibits from the preliminary hearing. The People contended the evidence presented at the preliminary hearing established Fay was guilty of murder beyond a reasonable doubt and thus he was not entitled to resentencing relief. In his reply, Fay contended the transcripts from the preliminary hearing were insufficient to sustain his murder conviction beyond a reasonable doubt. Fay claimed the evidence showed that although there was an altercation, the victim was still alive when Fay left, and thus he did not act with the requisite intent to kill. At the evidentiary hearing on April 12, 2024, the trial court denied the resentencing petition. The court stated that it had considered “the entire record in this case,” which included the factual basis of Fay’s plea. The court also considered testimony from the preliminary hearing but only to the extent such testimony was not admitted as hearsay pursuant to section 872, subdivision (b). The court stated, however, that it would not consider the Harvey waiver as to the dismissed allegations. Based on the evidence, the court found beyond a reasonable doubt that Fay was guilty of first degree murder as the actual killer and was therefore ineligible for resentencing relief. DISCUSSION Appointed appellate counsel filed a brief raising no arguable issues and requesting that we exercise our discretion to review the record under Delgadillo, Wende, and Anders. The brief identifies the following potential issues to assist this court in conducting its independent review of the record: (1) whether the record contains sufficient evidence to support the trial court’s finding that Fay was guilty of murder under current law; and (2) whether the 4 trial court erred by considering the preliminary hearing transcript at the evidentiary hearing. Although this appeal is from an order denying Fay’s petition for resentencing, and Fay has not filed a supplemental brief, we have exercised our discretion to review the entire record under Wende and Anders. (See Delgadillo, supra, 14 Cal.5th at p. 232.) We have also considered the potential issues identified by counsel. We have not discovered any arguable issues that would result in a reversal or modification of the trial court’s ruling. Competent counsel has represented Fay in this appeal. Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s order. DISPOSITION The order denying Fay’s resentencing petition is affirmed.
BUCHANAN, J.
WE CONCUR:
McCONNELL, P. J.
KELETY, J.
Cites, in this corpus
- People v. Delgadillo S266305 · 2022-12-19
- People v. Harvey Crim 21022 · 1979-11-27
- People v. Wende Crim. 20851 · 1979-10-12