Them v. Mechanics Bank

Opinion

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 JOSHUA THEM, CASE NO.: 23cv1193-BEN (DDL)

12 Plaintiff, 13 v. ORDER GRANTING MOTION TO SET ASIDE CLERK’S ENTRY 14 MECHANICS BANK, OF DEFAULT 15 Defendant.

16 17 18 Defendant’s motion for relief from entry of default is now pending before 19 the Court. Having carefully considered the briefing, Defendant’s motion is 20 granted. 21 I. BACKGROUND 22 On June 28, 2023, Plaintiff filed his complaint alleging violations of the 23 California Rosenthal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (Cal. Civ. Code §§ 1788- 24 1778.32) and violations of the federal Telephone Consumer Protection Act (47 25 U.S.C. §227). A declaration of service of summons was filed October 20, 2023. 26 Three days later, on October 23, 2023, Plaintiff moved for entry of default. The 27 Clerk’s default was entered the following day on October 24, 2023. On 28 1 December 20,2023, Defendant filed its motion to set aside the default. Plaintiff 2 has filed an opposition and Defendant has replied. 3 II. LEGAL STANDARD 4 A court may set aside the entry of default upon a showing of “good cause.” 5 FRCP 55(c). “The good cause standard that governs vacating an entry of default 6 under Rule 55(c) is the same standard that governs vacating a default judgment 7 under Rule 60(b).” Franchise Holding II, LLC v. Huntington Rests. Grp., Inc., 8 375 F.3d 922, 925 (9th Cir. 2004). “To determine good cause, a court must 9 consider three factors: (1) whether the party seeking to set aside the default 10 engaged in culpable conduct that led to the default; (2) whether it had no 11 meritorious defense; or (3) whether setting aside the default judgment would 12 prejudice the other party.” United States v. Signed Pers. Check No. 730 of Yubran 13 S. Mesle, 615 F.3d 1085, 1091 (9th Cir. 2010). When considering whether to set 14 aside default, a court should bear in mind that “judgment by default is a drastic 15 step appropriate only in extreme circumstances; a case should, whenever possible, 16 be decided on the merits.” Id. at 1091. To decide cases on the merits, a court 17 shall resolve “any doubt regarding whether to grant relief in favor of vacating 18 default.” O’Connor v. State of Nev., 27 F.3d 357, 364 (9th Cir. 1994). 19 A. Culpable Conduct 20 “[A] defendant’s conduct is culpable if he has received actual or 21 constructive notice of the filing of the action and intentionally failed to answer.” 22 Mesle, 615 F.3d at 1092 (quotation marks and citations omitted). In other words, 23 the movant must have acted with bad faith, such as with an intention to take 24 advantage of the opposing party, interfere with judicial decision making, or 25 otherwise manipulate the legal process. Id. Mechanics Bank in this case has not 26 engaged in “culpable conduct” for purposes of the good cause standard. 27 Defendant’s Deputy General Counsel, who is solely responsible for retaining 28 1 outside counsel to represent the bank in litigation did not become aware of the 2 lawsuit until November 2023. See Declaration of Tew, ISO Mot. to Set Aside, 3 Dkt 8-2, at ¶2-5. He was alerted by a staff member who performs PACER 4 searches and discovered the Clerk’s entry of default. Id. at ¶5. Counsel states, “I 5 did not intend to allow Mechanics Bank’s default to be entered.” Id. at ¶4. 6 Nothing indicates the failure to timely respond was made with bad faith such as 7 with an intention to take advantage of the opposing party, interfere with judicial 8 decision making, or otherwise manipulate the legal process. This factor weighs in 9 favor of setting aside the default. 10 B. Meritorious Defense 11 A defendant seeking to vacate a default judgment must present facts that 12 could constitute a defense. This is not difficult. A Rule 55(c) motion to set aside 13 a Clerk’s default does not call for an early trial of the dispute. All that is 14 necessary to satisfy the meritorious defense requirement is for the defendant to 15 allege sufficient facts (consistent with FRCP 11 obligations) that, if true, would 16 constitute a defense. Whether the factual allegations eventually prove to be true 17 would be the subject of normal later proceedings like Rule 56 motions or trial. 18 Mesle, at 1094. Instead of a mini-trial a court is asked to determine only whether 19 “some possibility that the outcome of the suit after a full trial will be contrary to 20 the result achieved by the default.” Hawaii Carpenters’ Tr. Funds v. Stone, 794 21 F.2d 508, 513 (9th Cir. 1986). Mechanics Bank has asserted facts that could be a 22 defense if proven true to both of the claims made by Plaintiff. Given the minimal 23 burden of asserting a meritorious defense, this factor weighs in favor of setting 24 aside the default. 25 C. Prejudice 26 “The third factor examines whether Plaintiff will be prejudiced by setting 27 aside the entry of default. In determining whether Plaintiff will be prejudiced, 28 1 ‘the standard is whether Plaintiff’s ability to pursue its claim will be hindered.’” 2 Stark v. Smart Solar Mktg., No. 19cv91-DMS (BGS), 2019 WL 13203939, at *3 3 (S.D. Cal. May 10, 2019) (citations omitted). Being forced to litigate one’s claim 4 in regular proceedings is not the type of prejudice which would weigh against 5 setting aside a default. “The delay must result in tangible harm such as loss of 6 evidence, increased difficulties of discovery, or greater opportunity for fraud or 7 collusion.” Thompson v. Am. Home Assur. Co., 95 F.3d 429, 433–34 (9th Cir. 8 1996). Given the infancy of this case and the strong federal law preference for 9 resolving cases on the merits, vacating the entry of default will not prejudice 10 Plaintiff. Accordingly, this factor, too, weighs in favor of vacating the default. 11 III. CONCLUSION 12 Given all three Mesle factors weigh in favor of Defendant, the Court grants 13 the motion for relief from entry of default. Plaintiff’s request for sanctions is 14 denied. Defendant shall file an Answer or otherwise plead within 15 days. 15 IT IS SO ORDERED. 16 DATED: July 3, 2024 _____________________________ 17 HON. ROGER T. BENITEZ United States District Court 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28